Teaching and Learning free essay sample

Cognitive Jean Piaget was a biologist when he started but by the time he was 21 moved to the development of children’s understanding, through observing them whilst he set them tasks. He has given us a better idea of how a child’s mind works and how they grow up. Cognitive theory is concerned with the development of a persons thought processes. It also looks at how these thought processes influence how we understand and interact with the world. When a child is born it goes through various stages of this development by understanding their environment from birth they can also process all the information around them using their developing thinking skills this then grows with age. People have always believed that there are 4 stages of cognitive development: * Sensorimotor stage. In infancy knowledge of the outside world is very limited but children learn through interacting with family and experiences when visiting other environments like the outdoors. We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching and Learning or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Pre-operational stage In early childhood your child will develop these skills and start to use more language and as the brain grows so will their memory, holding more information, they can then start to use their imagination through play. Although will still confuse fact with fiction. * Concrete operational stage In this stage, cognitive development uses intelligence to think through logical problems in relation concrete objects. Their basic math skills will be developing and they can now sort items into categories and think about two things simultaneously. * Formal operational stage This is late teens into adulthood and this is when they start thinking logically and abstractly including thinking of what might happen in the future. They can now transfer information from one situation to another and can solve complex problems in their head. * Psychoanalytical This is where according to scientists the mind can be split into two parts. The conscious mind and the unconscious mind. The conscious mind is when we are aware of things that are happening and are able to control them through our senses and emotions but the unconscious however is described as when you have unresolved issues that you think are resolved the mind can pick them out at any moment when you least expect them which can cause confusion. The basic tenet’s of psychoanalysis include the following: 1. Human behaviour, experience and cognition are largely determined by innate and irrational drives. 2. Those drives are usually unconscious. 3. Attempts to bring those drives into awareness meets psychological resistance in the form of defence mechanisms. 4. Beside the inherited constitution of personality a persons development is determined by events in childhood 5. Conflicts between conscious view of reality and unconscious( repressed)material can result in mental disturbances such as neurosis neurotic traits anxiety depression etc.. 6. The liberation from the effects of the unconscious material is achieved through bringing this material into the consciousness (via for example skilled guidance). Sigmund Freud was the founder of this type of psychology and his approach was to get an understanding of a person’s behaviour and emotions rather than locking people away that had mental health problems or treating them with drugs. Since Sigmund Freud’s day it has changed a lot and ideas have been revolutionised coming up with new theories which help us with all types of treatment for psychology. * Humanist Abraham Maslow believed in 5 needs of a person. The physiological needs, the needs for being safe, the need for belonging, the needs for esteem and the need actualize the self in that order. * Physiological These include the needs we have for oxygen, water, salt, sugar, calcium and other vitamins. The need to maintain a PH balance and keep at a good temperature. We also need to rest, sleep, get rid of body waste and avoid pain. * Safety This includes feeling safe and secure in our environment and feeling the need for protection. * Belonging and Love This is when you feel the need for friends, lovingness towards family and having a sweetheart even feeling fondly at being part of a community. * Esteem This includes respect for others, needs for status, fame, glory, recognition, attention, reputation, appreciation and dignity. Self actualization This involves the desire to fulfil potential and to be all that you can be. Abraham Maslow was one of the pioneers in the movement to bring the human being back into psychology and the personality back to the human. Social Learning Albert Bandura believed that aggression in adolescents was made from the environment they came from including the beha viours of the person/s they live with. After 100’s of case study’s he came up with general principles. The principles of social learning are: 1. People can learn by observing behavior. 2. Learning can occur without change in there behavior. 3. Social learning has become cognitive in human learning over the past 30 years. 4. Social Learning theory can be a transition between behaviorist learning and cognitive learning theories. Learning this way can be done through watching television, reading books listening to the radio and watching all around us. An example of this is when you have an idol or someone that you really look up to that behaves in a certain way you will start to watch and copy how they move and behave. * Operant conditioning Burrhus Frederic Skinner describes the effects of consequences of a particular behaviour on the future occurrence of that behaviour. We use or see examples of this in everyday life. At school a teacher may say whoever completes their homework can get a sticker this is giving a reward for good behavior. Or at home when you ask a child to pick up the toys off the floor and the child refuses and you sit them on the step for time out this is punishment for bad behavior. If the boundaries are set before hand then they have a choice in how they behave. Concepts of operant conditioning include: 1. Positive reinforce- using praise. 2. Negative reinforce-The removal of something they like. 3. Positive punishment-to reduce the behavior. 4. Negative punishment-to remove something until their behavior gets better. A distinctive part of B. F. Skinners theory is that it attempted to provide explanations for a large range if cognitive examples. He accounted for verbal and language learning within the operant condition paradigm but was strongly dismissed by other physiologists. * Behaviorists This came from the works of John B. Watson who claimed that psychology was not concerned with the mind or with human consciousness but with behaviour itself this way we could be studied objectively. This is the idea that behavior is learned through conditioning. There are 2 types of conditioning: Classical conditioning- this is a technique used in behaviour training. A natural stimulus is paired with a response. Operant conditioning-A process of behaviour modification in which the likelihood of a specific behaviour is increased or decreased through positive or negative reinforcement each time the behaviour is shown, so that the person comes to associate the positives or negatives of the reinforcement with the behaviour.

American and British Literature Comparative Essay

American and British Literature Comparative Essay Difference between American and British Literature Essay Difference between American and British Literature Essay The research paper investigates and analyzes differences between American and British literature. This work is based on the analysis of feminine fairy tales Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (or Alice in Wonderland), The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and masculine novels The Jungle Book (stories about Mowgli’s adventures: â€Å"Mowglis Brothers,† â€Å"Tiger! Tiger!† and â€Å"Mowglis Song†), and Tarzan of the Apes. It includes the analysis of these fairy tales and novels in works of different researchers described in the literature review. The main method used in this research paper was the method of comparison of similar situations, events and characters of heroes from the above mentioned literary works. It is notable that American literature describes individualistic society and makes more stress on democracy, revolution and geographical extension of the country, whereas British literature describes collectivistic society and pays attention to historic e vents and autocracy of the ruling class. The language used in British literature is much more complicated, diverse and bright compared to American literature. This research paper describes numerous differences between American and English literature, like plot, characters of main heroes, literary language, etc. It is based on the examination of fairy tales written in the USA and the UK because fairy tales thoroughly reflect different historical, social, and political events and show them in a simple and understandable (for children) manner, without strong influence of personal author’s attitudes. These differences are shown in the analysis of four fairy tales and novels for children: Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (or Alice in Wonderland), The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, The Jungle Book (â€Å"Mowglis Brothers,† â€Å"Tiger! Tiger!† and â€Å"Mowglis Song†), and Tarzan of the Apes. These fairy tales have some similarities, which produce more valuable outcomes of research of differences. American and English writers provide different descriptions of heroes and their destiny, environment, and events which too k place in fairy tales. They use different language to describe similar events. There will be provided a more thorough description and analysis of differences between British and American literature further. This research paper uses works of different researchers for providing a more detailed and relevant analysis of differences between American and British literature. Each researcher analyzed different distinguishing features of the above mentioned fairy tales and novels. This research paper unites their outcomes and provides a joint understanding of differences in the literatures of the USA and the UK. In her work From The Wizard of Oz to Wicked: Trajectory of American myth, Burger pointed out that The Wizard of Oz portrays racial diversification of people in the USA. There is a great variety of nationalities that live in different places of this geographically extensive country. Her ideas are supported by Okihiro (2001). In the article â€Å"Difference between English literature and American literature,† much attention is paid to differences in the literary language of American and British literature. The author stated that the language of British literature is more complicated and bright. It contains more descriptions of landscapes, events and creatures. In her work â€Å"Language -games in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, or: How language operates in Carrolls text to produce nonsensical meanings in common-sense references,† Lemos provides numerous examples of language games from Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. She also analyses these language games and describes the actual meanings of expressions used by Lewis Carroll. Pokrivcak in his work â€Å"Multiculturalism, transcendentalism, and the fate of American literature† stated his vision of the reasons for linguistic differences between American and British literature, which is based on social and ethnic homogeneity of the UK and diversification of the USA. This research paper is also based on the ideas from the work of Zanger â€Å"Some differences between American and British fantasy literature.† The author describes distinguishing features of feminine and masculine literature and provides an analysis of fairy tales and novels used in this work. This research paper will provide an analysis of American and British fairy tales in terms of differences between the literatures of the two countries. Fairy tales form social behavior of children and the society in general. They describe what is good and what is bad; different social, political as well as economic events; the way the society treats people’s actions. They develop an understanding that any action can lead to certain positive and negative consequences. The second reason why fairy tales were chosen for the investigation of differences between American and British literature is that they provide a more impartial reflection of history, social structure, vision, needs and wishes of people living in a particular period of time compared to other literary works, like novels, poems, etc. The main part of this research is based on the examination and comparison of four different fairy tales and novels. The first one is Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll, written in 1865. It reflects the social and political behavior of Victorian England. Alice in Wonderland is compared to The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. This American fairy tale was written by Frank Baum thirty five years later than Alice in Wonderland. It reflects social and political vision of people living in the 19th century in the USA. Some people consider that The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is some kind of American transformation of Alice in Wonderland. This understanding is grounded on several reasons, including a similar subject. Alice and Dorothy are travelling in unusual places and are surrounded by unusual creatures. Both girls left their families due to different circumstances and are searching for the way to come back home. Both fairy tales are female writings, i.e. they are oriented on young female readers. This is reflected in the use of a young girl as the main hero; in more complicated and unusual language; a great number of descriptions (much more than dialogues); attempts to resolve conflicts in a peaceful way. Also, both fairy tales incorporate miracles, thaumaturgy, mystics, etc. All above mentioned similarities promote the understanding that the analysis of differences between American and British literature should be performed particularly on these fairy tales for elimination of any considerable improper outcomes based on differences in plot, main hero, etc. In addition, two male’s fairy tales were chosen for analysis and assessment. The first source is the collection of stories about Mowgli The Jungle Book written by Rudyard Kipling in 1894. It will be compared with the American fairy tale Tarzan of the Apes, written by Edgar Rice Burroughs eighteen years later. These fairy tales are also united by a similar plot, description of jungles, and the male main hero. Masculine character of these adventure fairy tales is reflected in numerous dialogues; short sentences and simple word constructions; martial character; more warlike ways of resolving the conflict (through a fight). Both The Jungle Book and Tarzan of the Apes include stories that describe adventures of the main heroes, which are closer to reality. The four fairy tales were chosen because all of them have considerable similarities, such as the plot, struggle against different enemies, and search for a way out from difficult situations. All actions and adventures have some particular goal that is finally reached, which can be united by the understanding that virtue conquered evil. They describe adventures of the main hero and his or her surrounding (like-minded creatures). The second similarity is reflected in the description of numerous unusual animals and creatures. The third one lies in uncommon environment where adventures take place. The last similarity is that the fairy tales were written in almost the same time period and reflect the same historical and social events. This research paper will provide an investigation of differences between British and American literature by using the method of content analysis (analysis of social and historical background); analysis of characters and behavior of the main heroes of British and American fairy tales; locations where adventures took place; literature language used in these writings; representation of virtue and villainy; background of good and bad actions; characteristics of the societies shown in these fairy tales; representation of the ruling class and its behavior; the way how the hero overcomes obstacles in the path of his or her goals. The content, main heroes and their characters, social and political background of these writings will be thoroughly analyzed and compared. Several citations from these fairy tales will support ideas formed during the research of the differences between American and British literature. This research paper will not describe the plot of fairy tales or pay much attention to the historical period when these fairy tales were written as it seems to be unnecessary for this research. Discussion and dissection of different parts of four tales will be enough for reflect the differences between the literature of the USA and the UK. The results of analysis of Alice in Wonderland and The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, The Jungle Book and Tarzan of the Apes are provided below. The majority of outcomes are supported by explanations, researchers’ thoughts and citations. The first difference between British and American literature is reflected in the behavior of the main hero. Dorothy and Tarzan are self-confident, self-sufficient and a little bit egoistic personalities. They are aimed primarily at gaining personal benefit, such as coming back home, and only then at providing benefit to the society. These heroes in many situations can rely only on themselves. American literature reflects the individualistic nature and history of Americans. Several centuries ago these people came to the continent of North America and could rely only on themselves for survival. Additionally, it should be mentioned that American literature contains descriptions of close groups of people (or creatures) who put their interests above the rest. In The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, such group of creatures consists of the Cowardly Lion, the Scarecrow and the Tin Man. The story begins with the description of the main goal of their adventure: Dorothy wants to find the way back home, and each of the creatures has its own personal goal in this adventure. Providing help to the other is represented as by-effect of the adventure. This reflects the behavior of Americans, who distinctly separate interests of their nation from the interests of the other nations. The characters of the main heroes in the British fairy tales are quite different. Alice often receives help from the Hatter, the dog, etc. The story Alice in Wonderland reflects the behavior of the collectivistic society, where a group of people (or creatures) have one joint goal. Special attention should be paid to the social structure described in the female fairy tales. Alice comes from an aristocratic family, whereas Dorothy’s family (grandparents) lives in more stringent conditions (like the majority of Americans of the 19th century) (Dobrinescu, n.d.). Close attention should be directed at the time and place described in American and British fairy tales. Usually in American literature â€Å"the fantastic is continually mingled with the ordinary, with the ‘real’ world† (Zanger, n.d.). Zanger (n.d.) states that â€Å"magic countries† in Africa and in Oz â€Å"employ the familiar American device of incongruity.† However, both fairy tales, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and Tarzan of the Apes, describe adventures that happened in a present time. At the same time, the majority of British fairy tales describe adventure of heroes in prehistoric or even mythic past (Hevesiova, 2010). Familiar lands, sights and histories (for example Stonehenge) are usually shown in these fairy tales. British writers can reflect a great history of their country in their stories, whereas American writers rely more on their imagination and great unstudied scopes of their country. Frank Baum described a great variety of different races that lived in different locations of America (Okihiro, 2001). He portrays different racial groups living in separate locations in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, â€Å"Gillikins in the North, Munchk in the East, Quadlings in the South, and Winkies in the West† (Burger, 2009). In addition, special attention should be paid to the attitude to the ways of administrating authority that are reflected in American and British literature. Thus, British society paid much attention to the king or lord and his power. The society has strongly differentiated the political structure (or fixed system of ranks), which is usually turned on the basis of birth. By contrast, in American literature the power is obtained by force and remains in the hands of the main hero as long as he or she is strong and skillful. Thus, Dorothy and Tarzan at the end of the stories â€Å"move from private obscurity to greatness, then back to relative obscurity again† (Tarzan went back to his Jungle, and Dorothy returned to her family in Kansas) (Zanger, n.d.). Different heroes of British fairy tales pass through different social stages and integrate into the community and social or political order, reflected in the aristocracy and kingship. Alice realized her role and responsibility of saving Wonderland only through overcoming numerous difficulties. Mowgli also burned and later killed Shere Khan only after becoming wiser, older, and stronger. Numerous animals supported him in his struggle against monkeys, the tiger and people. Moreover, considerable attention should be paid to the fact that British literature describes the absolutism of power, i.e. the presence of one king or ruler in the society (like Akela and Mowgli). American literature shows political power and rulers in a different way. At the end of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, three main creatures (the Cowardly Lion, the Scarecrow and Tin Man) â€Å"move to take their respective kingdoms† where they act as â€Å"politician, the worker in agriculture and the mechanic† (Zanger, n.d.). The election process of ruler is performed by acclamation. Frank Baum describes democratization and separation of power in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. Differences in American and British literature are also manifested in the description of evil in the above mentioned and other popular fairy tales. In British literature â€Å"evil is often depicted as emerging from below - Goblins, Weasels, Orcs, Morlocks, Shere Khan, cobras Nag and Nagaina (from Rikki-Tikki-Tavi) - possessing a kind of intrinsic wickedness quite apart from any inspired organizing principle that leads them† (Zanger, n.d.). Evil forces are usually represented as proletarian creatures. At the same time, American evil is more autocratic. In Tarzan of the Apes, evil comes from outside â€Å"from above in the farm of British bankers slaughtering game, or Arab slavers, or German diamond hunters, or a variety of European types motivated uniformly by greed† (Zanger, n.d.). As a rule, American bad heroes did evil things (like Munchkins) under constraint of stronger features and forces which they cannot withstand (like in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and Tarzan of the Apes). Also, much attention should be paid to finals of such male fairy tales as The Jungle Book and Tarzan of the Apes. The main heroes of both writings were brought up by animals: Tarzan was brought up by monkeys, whereas Mowgli was brought up by different animals that lived in jungles (a bear, snake, panther and wolfs). However, in the final Mowgli found his bellowed and started to live with other people, whereas Tarzan felt uncomfortable with other people and returned to jungles. The finals of two fairy tales reflected differences in British and American society. The former is more collectivistic, whereas the latter is more individualistic. Much attention should be paid to literary language of fairy tales of the UK and the USA. The language of British fairy tales contains more bright descriptions and sophisticated literary expressions than the language of the American ones (â€Å"Difference between,† 2014). For example, in Alice in Wonderland, Lewis Carroll used numerous language games, where words have indirect meanings. Examples of such language games are thoroughly analyzed by Lemos. The evaluation of a dialogue between Alice and the Hatter will be provided below: Alice had been looking over his shoulder with some curiosity, ‘What a funny watch!’ she remarked. ‘It tells the day of the month and doesn’t tell what o’clock it is!’ ‘Why should it?’ muttered the Hatter. ‘Does your watch tell you what year it is?’ ‘Of course not,’ Alice replied very readily: ‘but that’s because it stays in the same year for such a long time together.’ ‘Which is just the case with mine,’ said the Hatter (Lemos, 2009). The author combined meaningful language of Alice and on the first view nonsensical language of the Hatter in this dialogue. However, Hatter’s language has more sense than Alice’s, because at the March Hare’s house the time remains the same (six o’clock). Therefore, common clock are useless, and Hatter’s clock is useful because it shows the time (Lemos, 2009). Numerous linguistic challenges make the whole British literature and works of Lewis Carroll in particular unusual and memorable. The background of linguistic differences between American and British literatures are analyzed by Pokrivcak are reflected in the following words: â€Å"the difference lies especially in the fact that while European literatures have grown out of linguistically and ethnically homogeneous sources, the literatures of the United States have always been a product of several cultures speaking various languages† (Pokrivcak, 2010). American main heroes (Dorothy and Tarzan) are a little bit egoistic personalities that have such features as self-reliance, self-esteem, and self-sufficiency. They usually rely only on themselves. These heroes reflect the individualistic character of the American society. On the contrary, British society and characters of main heroes (Alice and Mowgli) are more collectivistic. Mowgli and Alice rely on the help and support of the group of like-minded creatures. Places where the adventures happen differ greatly in the writings of American and British authors. Events in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and Tarzan of the Apes took place in real time, but in places which are far from readers. On the other hand, events of British fairy tales usually happen in pre-historic and mythic time periods. Attitudes to political order and administration authority are also quite different in the literatures of the USA and the UK. British fairy tales contain numerous descriptions of immortal soul of kingship and strict political order. Kingship is usually based on birth. In American fairy tales the authority is gained by power and skills. American literature describes a more democratic political order and availability of several rulers. The nature of evil is different in American and British fairy tales. In American fairy tales evil comes from outside, whereas in British fairy tales evil usually has an inherent character. Literary language of British fairy tales is more bright and colorful. It contains numerous complex language constructions and even language games (in Alice in Wonderland). By contrast, American literary language is simpler, with larger number of dialogues and shorter descriptions. This research paper provides an analysis of extinguish characteristics of four fairy tales and novels written by American and British writers. These fairy tales and novels are Alice in Wonderland and The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, The Jungle Book (novels about Mowgli’s adventures) and Tarzan of the Apes. They are connected by similar plot and time of creation. This provides more thorough and reliable outcomes of analysis of the literature of two countries. American and British literature have numerous differences reflected in the characteristics of the main heroes and description of their adventures, plots of the stories and literature language. All of these differences are based on distinctive histories, social orders, and views of life. Both American and English literatures depict different aspects of life of people who live on the territories of these countries. No one can definitely state that one literature is much better than the others. Every reader chooses the literature that is more suitable and attractive for him or her. This research paper not only describes differences between literatures of the USA and the UK but also recommends familiarizing oneself with both of them. Apart from that, it states that analysis should be made on similar types of writings which were created in the same (or almost the same) time periods for elimination of irrelevant outcomes. It is recommended to analyze works that have similar plots and characters in order to find out particularly literature differences. This will allow supporting the statements described in this work. Also, readers can find other differences between the literatures of the two great countries.

As I See Myself (Descriptive Essay)

I have had dark straight hair which is already dyed with golden blonde, brown eyes which I genetically inherited from my mother, a short nose, small gleaming teeth, full lips, tiny dimples and a round face which I am teased a lot by many people as well as my big fat arms. Nevertheless, I am proud of having a fair skin; long thick hair just like of a commercial model as what my sister would say; and long solid legs. So, I usually wear not-so-short shorts and skirts paired with t-shirts and flats. Like many girls, I like to dress up but then I don’t really have many clothes to dress up with so I end up with the basics. I also like my hair loose and undone because I like better messy hair, in a structured way and in a way to conceal my huge face. I used to be very shy and introvert when I was little. I don’t talk unless someone starts a conversation and sometimes I don’t ask questions to keep the discussion going. But now, I develop some confidence and courage to express my thoughts and feelings; I feel more comfortable when I’m alone with someone I’m not used to be with; and I can already look straight to their eyes. I am an ineffective liar. When I start to lie, I tend to laugh. The more I try to get serious, the more I easily burst out into laughter and normally, I can’t keep eye contacts with them. I am also an ineffective joker because frequently I end up laughing first before I could tell my joke. That’s me, making most of my time happy and laughing because I love what it brings me and I love hearing the sound of glee. But sometimes, a different me comes out particularly when I am treated impolitely and when I am force to wake up. Then again, I come back to my usual self once I’ve realized I’m being mean. I am also a person who likes to try new things or should I say adventurous and risk-taker which are the traits I get from my father. When it comes to this, I behave surprisingly energetic and enthusiastic. I can also be lazy at times especially when I don’t like what I’m supposed to do otherwise, I voluntarily do things in the best way I can. I was born a very grumpy girl indeed. What’s more, I am a very ambitious person. Ten years from now, I could see myself as a successful and refined CPA having established my own business, a house that I designed myself since I also dream to be an interior designer and cars that I never thought I would have. I intend to continue my profession, enhance my skills and to be a good public servant too. Given that I am an adventurous person, I could also see myself as a wanderer who travels to the most wonderful and romantic places in the world just as I would picture in my mind every single day. As well as a loving wife and mother nurturing her wonderful family. I know gaining these things are hard to achieve that is why I plan on working harder in the present for a better future. As I See Myself (Descriptive Essay) I have had dark straight hair which is already dyed with golden blonde, brown eyes which I genetically inherited from my mother, a short nose, small gleaming teeth, full lips, tiny dimples and a round face which I am teased a lot by many people as well as my big fat arms. Nevertheless, I am proud of having a fair skin; long thick hair just like of a commercial model as what my sister would say; and long solid legs. So, I usually wear not-so-short shorts and skirts paired with t-shirts and flats. Like many girls, I like to dress up but then I don’t really have many clothes to dress up with so I end up with the basics. I also like my hair loose and undone because I like better messy hair, in a structured way and in a way to conceal my huge face. I used to be very shy and introvert when I was little. I don’t talk unless someone starts a conversation and sometimes I don’t ask questions to keep the discussion going. But now, I develop some confidence and courage to express my thoughts and feelings; I feel more comfortable when I’m alone with someone I’m not used to be with; and I can already look straight to their eyes. I am an ineffective liar. When I start to lie, I tend to laugh. The more I try to get serious, the more I easily burst out into laughter and normally, I can’t keep eye contacts with them. I am also an ineffective joker because frequently I end up laughing first before I could tell my joke. That’s me, making most of my time happy and laughing because I love what it brings me and I love hearing the sound of glee. But sometimes, a different me comes out particularly when I am treated impolitely and when I am force to wake up. Then again, I come back to my usual self once I’ve realized I’m being mean. I am also a person who likes to try new things or should I say adventurous and risk-taker which are the traits I get from my father. When it comes to this, I behave surprisingly energetic and enthusiastic. I can also be lazy at times especially when I don’t like what I’m supposed to do otherwise, I voluntarily do things in the best way I can. I was born a very grumpy girl indeed. What’s more, I am a very ambitious person. Ten years from now, I could see myself as a successful and refined CPA having established my own business, a house that I designed myself since I also dream to be an interior designer and cars that I never thought I would have. I intend to continue my profession, enhance my skills and to be a good public servant too. Given that I am an adventurous person, I could also see myself as a wanderer who travels to the most wonderful and romantic places in the world just as I would picture in my mind every single day. As well as a loving wife and mother nurturing her wonderful family. I know gaining these things are hard to achieve that is why I plan on working harder in the present for a better future.

Strategic management of global company Research Paper

Strategic management of global company - Research Paper Example 22). The success of the company in both the Japanese as well as international market is the result of its aspiration to manufacture high quality products. Toyota enhanced its operations considerably in quality to go well with the domestic environment, and as a result has made a triumphal turnaround within US market. In addition, the increase in oil price surprisingly improved the demand for Toyota’s vehicles due to their light and fuel-efficient features. Form that time, global exporting business of Toyota had seen a stable development. With the intention of avoiding import challenges, for instance, directives and import allowances, Toyota launched a 50/50 joint venture with General Motor during 1983 in US, and a completely owned production units in UK during 1989 and another in France during 1997, and a â€Å"50/50 joint venture with French automaker Peugeot in Czech Republic in 2002† (Christensen, 2013, p. 52). Aggressive steps have as well been taken in China, now th e world’s rapidly developing car market. Toyota started its operations during the year 1954, with its head office situated in Tokyo, Japan. It was the hub of designing activities, scheduling, manufacturing of prototypes and assessment of automobiles. It was in charge for each and every function, together with development, designing and assessing cars. Besides, the center is as well responsible of safety technologies, energy management and environmental fortification. During the year 1973, Toyota started the design center at Newport Beach, California. The businesses formed the European center for design to have improved knowledge of local pressures and inclinations of existing and prospective customers. At this point, the group has made successful models such as â€Å"Yaris, Corolla, Corolla Verso, Avensis and Land Cruiser† (Rivenburgh, 2013, p. 92). Global Strategy of Toyota Any business that tryst to enter the foreign market primarily plans to get advantages of Ã¢â‚¬Ë œeconomies of scale’ as well as location and knowledge-gaining result which could be realized by and increase product and service consistency. On the other hand, at this point challenges of localization arise inevitably because of demand for response by the company to local setting such as taste and inclination of buyer, local government policies and cultural features. In the global business strategy matrix, â€Å"along two aspects of stress for cost cutback and stress for local reaction, transnational strategy has the maximum level along both dimensions† (Rivenburgh, 2013, p. 113). Among the four classic global business strategies, Toyota selects transnational Strategy. The best way to execute a transnational strategy is among the most difficult issues that big organizations are coping with these days. The necessity to compete with global rivals such as General Motors and Ford compelled Toyota to try to find better cost economies. Nonetheless, deviations in customers taste preference and government directives across countries indicate that Toyota as well has to be receptive to local demands. As a result, Toyota deals with considerable stress for cost decline as well as for local awareness. To decrease cost by standardizing, Toyota has been speeding up the process of going toward smaller number of automobile platforms, with objective of developing a broad range of models on a restricted range of platforms that have

The Impact of Structural Changes in Rents on Different People Research Paper

The Impact of Structural Changes in Rents on Different People - Research Paper Example The previous Conservative government up to 1997 had a policy of allowing social rents to increase with the intention of reducing public expenditure on subsidies with little regard to the impact on affordability or work incentives for tenants. They argued that rent increases allowed help to be diverted to those in greatest need. Better-off tenants met rent increases out of their own pockets while Housing Benefit 'took the strain' for the poorer tenants. This, however, created serious problems of benefit dependency and work disincentives throughout the country. The present Labour Government has already introduced the national minimum wage and Working Families Tax Credit (WFTC) in order to tackle poverty, promote work incentives and reduce benefit dependency. Realignment of rents in line with this thinking has been taken up on priority. The Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM) now changed to the Department of Communities and Local Government (DCLG) [since May 2006] has issued seve ral guidelines on the calculation and setting of rent for different social housing properties. Since April 2002 rents are calculated according to a formula based on relative property values, local earnings and property size. Restructured rents are calculated using the formula and data set out in the DCLG guide to Social Rent Reforms. Circular R2-27/01: ‘Rent Influencing Regime – Implementing the Rent Restructuring Framework’ also sets out the calculation of target rents. The complex mosaic of rental patterns in the social rented sector begins to make sense once the nature of individual rent schemes is explored.

Progress Report Essay Example for Free

Progress Report Essay In this Assignment you will proofread the Progress Report listed below. Next, you will identify the 10 mistakes that are listed in the report. The mistakes could be misspellings, incorrect abbreviations, or misuse of a medical term. Please list them in the chart below under the heading â€Å"Medical Terminology Error.† After you have listed the errors, you will need to identify the correct term or abbreviation. Please list them in the chart below under the heading â€Å"Correct Term.† At the end of the project be sure to list all applicable references and cite them in APA format. Main Street Hospital and Medical Center 6000 North Tree Street Branch, Pennsylvania 12345 – (555) 123-4567 PATIENT NAME: Susan SunshineMEDICAL RECORD:5555555 DATE OF DEATH:04/04/1954DATE OF ADMISSION:07/31/2013 PROGRESS NOTE CHIEF COMPLAINT: Severe lower abdominal pain and the inability to void for the past 12 hours. PRESENT ILLNESS: Sam Samuel is a 75-year-old Asian-American man who came into the emergency department at 3 am stating that he was in great pain and could not urinate. He had not been seen by a physician for several years but claimed to be in good health except for â€Å"a little high blood pressure.† The patient reports urinary frequency, noicturia x2, hesitancy, intermittency, disuria, and diminished force and caliber of the bladder system. In addition, he complained of intermittent pain in the right posterior lumbar area, radiating to the right flank. He also has post-void dribbling and the sensation of not having completely emptied the bladder. Earlier today, he had hematuria at the end of urination and several bouts of ND. MEDICATION ALLERGIES: None CURRENT MEDICATIONS: Benadryl 25 mg. dailys, at bedtime. PHYSICAL EXAM: Temperature 98.6 ® F. Blood pressure 140/90. Pulse 98. Respirations 24. Palpation of the abdomen shows a suprapubic mass approximately three fingerbreadths below the umbilicus, dull to percussion, and slightly tender. IMPRESSION: Renal Pelvis distention caused by urinary outlet obstruction, probably from benign prostatic hyperplasia. PLAN: Indwelling Foley catheter for relief of urinary obstruction. Imaging to include a CAT scan, kidney ultrasound and IVR. Urinary consult. Labs to include white blood count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, blood urea nitrogen (BUA) and urinalnysis.

Affirmative Action v. Reverse Discrimination :: essays research papers fc

Affirmative action in the U.S. started to come about in the early nineteen sixties. It was enacted along with many other anti-segregation laws, as part of the "Civil Rights act of 1964 and an executive order in 1965 (Affirmative, Encyclopedia Britannica par. 2)." Today affirmative action is still going strong. It has many positive aspects, but it also has several negative affects, one of which is "reverse discrimination. Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary defines affirmative action as "an active effort to improve the employment or education opportunities of members of minority groups and women." Some of the other areas of emphasis are age, religion, and ethnic origin. I feel the same as the authors of the Encyclopedia of the American Constitution, when they said these laws were brought about because, In the judgment of a good many Americans, equality qua equality, even when conscientiously enforced with an even hand, would neither suffice to enable those previously deprived on racial grounds to realize the promises of equality of opportunity, nor would it atone, and provide redress, for the ravages wrought by two centuries of past discrimination. Consequently†¦ programs were established†¦ to go well beyond "mere" equality of opportunity and provide not only remedial but preferential compensatory action, especially in the worlds of EDUCATION and employment (Affirmative, Encyclopedia American 34). However, even as early as 1978 the Supreme Court has made it a point to not support laws that provide for "reverse discrimination," which Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary defines as "discrimination against whites or males as in employment or education." The Supreme Court stated that this isn’t acceptable when it decided "reverse discrimination" is not acceptable legally or constitutionally (Affirmative, Encyclopedia American 35). I think what they mean by this is that, even though affirmative action is necessary, it should not be so harsh as to make it so the "majority" is then discriminated against in return, because then it is just reversing the discrimination, hence the term "reverse discrimination." There have been many court cases that support each side of this issue. There were some major Supreme Court cases that led up to affirmative action. One of which was Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 in which it was deemed that the constitution meant politically equal not socially equal, which was held up until Brown v. Board of Education Topeka Kansas 1954. Brown v. The Board was a huge stepping stone towards affirmative action, because it started the processes of desegregation.