Early encounters between American Indians and European colonists led to a variety of relationships among the different cultures Essay

Topic: Early encounters between American Indians and European colonists led to a variety of relationships among the different cultures. Analyze how actions taken by BOTH American Indians and European colonists shaped those relationships in each of the following regions: New England, the Chesapeake, the Spanish Southwest, and New York and New France. Thesis: Actions such as Bacon’s Rebellion, the Powhatan Wars, King Phillip’s War, the Encomienda, the New England Confederation, and the Fur Trade, Dutch and French. New England: King Phillip’s War is the first supporting idea. * The New England Confederation put to the test during war with Indian chieftain King Phillip (Metacom)—Wampanoag Chief son of Massasoit. The impact of the war led to Native Americans effectively removed from MB, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. The Chesapeake: Bacon’s Rebellion and the Anglo-Powhatan Wars are the second supporting idea. * Nathaniel Bacon, an aristocrat in western Virginia and member of House of Burgesses began mobilizing a militia to protect whites from Indians. Bacon’s rebels opposed to aristocrats and Indians. The Powhatan Wars were three wars fought between Virginians, and the Powhatan in the early 17th c. War resulted in a boundary being defined between the Indians and English. The Spanish Southwest, New York and New France: the Encomienda (S.W.), the New England Confederation and the Fur Trade Dutch/French (N.Y. &N.F.) is the third supporting idea. * Amerindians forced to do unpaid labor to build roads, buildings, and other infrastructure in towns through the Encomienda System (S.W.) * The N.E. Confederation made specifically for collective security against the Indians (N.Y) * The Beaver Fur Trade led to exploration of much of N.A. coureurs de bois: fur traders (N.F.) FRQ #2 Topic: Analyze the extent to which democratic ideals existed in colonial America prior to the American Revolution. Use relevant information between the years 1607 and 1763. Thesis: Democratic ideals existed in colonial America prior to the American Revolution to a larger extent with events such as the 1619 Formation of the Virginia House of Burgesses, the 1643 NE Confederation, the 1754 Albany Plan for Union, the 1713-1763 â€Å"Salutary Neglect†, and the 1740’s Great Awakening. The 1619 Formation of the Virginia House of Burgesses is the first supporting idea. * First representative  assembly in America; beginning of representative government. The House of Burgesses enacted legislation for the colony of Virginia. * Legislation passed by the House of Burgesses was subject to veto by the Governor, council and the directors in London. The 1643 New England Confederation is the second supporting idea. * Connecticut, New Haven, Plymouth, and Massachusetts formed an organization for collective security against Indian attacks. This was an important step in creating more unity among New England Colonies The 1754 Albany Plan for Union is the third supporting idea. * Proposed by Benjamin Franklin, this plan would have created an inter-colonial congress. It was rejected by Britain for giving too much control to the colonies. It was also rejected by the colonies who feared oppressive colonial congress. The 1713-1663 â€Å"Salutary Neglect† is the fourth supporting idea. * G.A.: Americans enjoyed much choice regarding religious groups. Churches increasingly had to cater to the needs of their parishioners. This was an important step towards democracy. FRQ #3 Topic: To what extent did economic, geographic, and social factors encourage the growth of slavery as an important part of the economy of the southern colonies between 1607 and 1775? Thesis: Economic, geographic, and social factors all contributed to the rise of importance for slaves in the S. colonies as their position in American society changed from 1607 and 1775. Economic Factors Encouraging the growth of Slavery is the first supporting idea. * Tobacco as brought by John Rolfe saved the colony of Jamestown. Tobacco was starting as a cash crop and with Europe’s desire for tobacco. Plantations were being brought out and required vast chunks of land on which to cultivate the tobacco. * Africans were better suited with their immunity to disease and their ability to work. Africans however were very expensive, but they were servants for life and with regulation laws, slavery in the south was important. Geographic Factors Encouraging the growth of Slavery is the second supporting idea. * Rivers and hot weather was the backbone of the South. The south was able to plant different crops than the north. The south cultivated its most important crops, tobacco and rice. The Carolinas were best known for their rice cultivation. Here in the Carolinas, Africans were used to growing rice. Social Factors Encouraging the growth of Slavery is the third supporting idea. * The ownership of slaves became an important sign of wealth and status in the social hierarchy of the south. The more slaves and the bigger plantation someone owned, the higher up they were. Everyone who was white was automatically above blacks, as they were seen as mediocre and incapable of academic success and learning. FRQ #4 Topic: Compare the ways in which religion shaped the development of colonial society (to 1740) in each of the following regions: New England, Chesapeake, and Middle Atlantic. Thesis: During the development of Colonial America, the New England region was affected socially, politically, and economically, whereas in the Chesapeake bay it was mostly men who came over to explore the new world in search of gold however, religion in the Middle Atlantic was not as much of a necessity therefore had less of an overall effect on society. Religion shaping colonial society in New England is the first supporting idea. * The New England region settlers were escaping England’s unification of religion and government. During the mid 1600’s approximately 20,000 colonists settled in the New England region. This religious driven movement was called, the Great Migration. * The Puritans were a hard working, god-fearing people. New Englanders established small farms, on which they raised corn and wheat, sheep, beef cattle, vegetables, and dairy cattle. Religion shaping colonial society in the Chesapeake is the second supporting idea. * The Chesapeake colonies did not focus much on religion because it was mostly populated by business men trying to make a living in the New World. There were also more Atheists in the Chesapeake because of the low life expectancy causing people to not believe in God as a savior. Religion shaping colonial society in the Middle Atlantic is the third supporting idea. * Founded on the idea of a safe haven for all sorts of religions, particularly Pennsylvania. In the New Netherlands (later renamed New York in 1664) Ethnic and religious differences prevented a development of a strong sense of community in the 1620’s-1640’s * Dutch West India Company more interested in profits than keeping order, so New Netherlands was founded for economic purposes and its origins in trade explain its diversity, including Dutch, German, French, English, Swedish, Portuguese, African, Calvinist, Lutheran, Quaker, Catholic, Jew, Muslim. FRQ #5 Topic: To what extent did the three regions of colonial America develop separate societies in the years prior to the American Revolution? Thesis: Though there were many similarities in the development of the New England, Middle and Southern Colonies, they were very different: politically, socially, and economically. The New England Colonies is the first supporting idea. * The New England colonies were a Theocracy, which means the government was run basically by the church. * The New England Colonies supported each other to create a one-class system: middle class. * Although some New England farmers exported grain and livestock, many could barely feed themselves and their families because the poor soil made farming difficult. * New Englanders therefore turned to alternative occupations, trading with the West Indies and developing fishing, small manufacturing, and shipbuilding The Middle Colonies is the second supporting idea. * The Middle Colonies had their government and church separated. * Had a two-class system which consisted of upper class landowners and middle class professionals living in large cities. * Economy: grains, livestock, ship building, shipping. The Southern Colonies is the third supporting idea. * Had the least autonomy since they were an Oligarchy. This meant that the wealthy plantation owners controlled the government because they were the only people who could manage to pay for all their own expenses. * Had a strict three class system: upper class wealthy plantation owners, middle class small plantation owners, lower class poor whites and a population of Blacks which were not considered a class at all. * Their economy was shaped around the growing of tobacco, rice, and the slave trade. FRQ #6 Topic: â€Å"Geography was the primary factor in shaping the development of the British colonies in North America.† Assess the validity of this statement for the 1600’s. Thesis: Geography played an important role in the making of the British colonies in North America. In some areas, the geography influenced the living and farming conditions for the better, and for some areas, for the worse. Geography in the New England is the first supporting idea. * The land on which the New England colonies were situated was rocky, heavily forested, and therefore, not suited for planting. The cold climate did not help. As a result, New England’s economy did not depend on the land as much as other colonies did. Instead of making their living by farming, New Englanders were loggers, fishers, whalers, and shipbuilders. Geography in the Middle Colonies is the second supporting idea. * The Middle colonies, however, fared off much better. The Middle colonies’ land was very fertile and very much suited for farming and planting. The climate was warm, too. So of course the Middle Colonies were nicknamed the Breadbasket Colonies: They produced the majority of the bread and wheat of all the British colonies. They also had a good amount of iron ore in their land. Geography in the Southern Colonies is the third supporting idea. * The Southern colonies’ geography was well-suited to farming, too. It was warm year round and provided a great place to produce cotton, indigo, rice, and many other crops.

US Pres Johnson’s Policy in Vietnam

The United States of America is often described as invincible and unyielding. Yet during the Vietnam War, America was forced to look at its weaknesses, both politically and militarily. President Lyndon B. Johnson, in sending U. S. Marines in March 1965, followed shortly thereafter by U. S. Army ground combat units, broke the strategic continuity of American involvement in Vietnam and, in so doing, paved the way for the U. S. forces' ultimate defeat. Thus, it is plausible that President Johnson†s policy in Vietnam was â€Å"doomed to fail† from the beginning. Although South Vietnam asked for help, which the United States had previously promised, the entire conflict was managed in order to meet personal political agendas and to remain politically correct in the world†s eyes rather than to bring a quick and decisive end to the conflict. This can be seen in the selective bombing of Hanoi throughout the course of the Vietnam War. Politically, this strategy looked very good. However, militarily it was ludicrous. War is the one arena in which politicians have no place. War is the military†s sole purpose. United States involvement in Vietnam continued to escalate throughout the 1950†³s and into the early 1960†³s. On August 4, 1964, the Gulf of Tonkin incident occurred in which American Naval Vessels in South Vietnamese waters were fired upon by North Vietnam. On August 5, 1964, President Johnson requested a resolution expressing the determination of the United States to continue in its basic policy of assisting the free nations of the area to defend their freedom. On August 7, 1964, in response to the presidential request, Congress authorized President Johnson â€Å"to take all necessary measures to repel any attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression†¦ † (A). The selective bombing of North Vietnam began immediately in response to this resolution. In March of the following year U. S. Troops began to arrive. Although the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution specifically stated that we had no military, political, or territorial ambitions in southeast Asia, the interests back home were of a different nature. The United States was not expecting a more extensive development in Vietnam, and Johnson shocked the nation by his exclusive decision. â€Å"A mature great power will make measured and limited use of its power†¦ Since in this generation we have become a great power, I am in favor of learning to behave like a great power†¦ † (B). Thus a major downfall of Johnson†s policy was his blatant misuse of his respective power. According to Johnson in his State of the Union Address, â€Å"We will stay because in Asia-and around the world-are countries whose independence rests, in large measure, on confidence in America†s word and protection† (C). However, the political involvement in Vietnam was about much more than just promised aid to a weak country in order to prevent the spread of communism. It was about money. After all, wars require equipment, guns, tools and machinery. Most of which was produced in the United States. â€Å"We intervened with money, â€Å"advisors†, bombers, and weapons at a time when even our own government did not claim that North Vietnam was sending forces south† (G). It was about proving America†s commitment to stop communism. Or rather to confine communism in its present boundaries. Most of all it was about politics. The military involvement in Vietnam is directly related to the political management of the military throughout the war. The military controlled by the politicians. The management of the military by the White House for political gain is the primary reason for both the length and cost, both monetary and human, of the Vietnam War. One of the largest problems was the lack of a clear objective in the war and the support to accomplish it. â€Å"So-how do we end the war in Vietnam?†¦ We must revise our objective. Instead of negotiation, our objective must be to make the war so costly for the Communists that they will end it†¦ We must fight the war from our strength, not theirs† (F). The politicians dictated the war in Vietnam. It was a limited war; the military was never allowed to fight the war in the manner that they thought that they needed to in order to win it. To conclude on the Vietnam War, the political management of the war made it unwinnable. The military was at the mercy of politicians, especially Johnson, who knew very little about what needed to be done militarily in order to win the war. And it is the failure of that regime to come to the bargaining table that has thus far frustrated every effort to move the problem of South Vietnam from a military to a political solution† (E). Therefore, the U. S. Military should be allowed to conduct any war, conflict, or police action that it has been committed to without political interference or control because of the problems and hidden interests which are always present when dealing with politics. There is an enormous difference between political judgment and military judgment. This difference is the primary reason for the outcome of the Vietnam War. Vietcong knew they could beat us by wearing the United States down until they surrendered (H). It was the policy of military escalation in Vietnam, however, that proved to be Johnson's undoing as president. It deflected attention from domestic concerns, resulted in sharp inflation, and prompted rising criticism, especially among young, draft-aged people. â€Å"†¦ mood of Congress changed, a reflection of public attitudes strongly influenced by the news media, particularly television† (I). Although society originally supported Johnson†s policy, he lost a large amount of support due to his mistakes. Escalation also failed to win the war. The drawn-out struggle made Johnson even more secretive, dogmatic, and highly sensitive to criticism. His usually sure political instincts were failing. On March 31, 1968, President Johnson was faced with increasing antiwar sentiment. He announced a halt in all bombing north of the 20th parallel and offered to negotiate for peace with North Vietnam. Peace talks began in Paris in May, but were quickly deadlocked. After the United States stopped bombing North Vietnam in early November, the North Vietnamese agreed not to escalate the war. In January 1969 South Vietnam and the NLF joined the talks. (History of the United States) Americans judge the Vietnam War to have been a â€Å"mistake. † Unfortunately, few claim to know what the U. S. should have done differently. President Johnson made various unfavorable decisions, and his ignorance led to the demise of our military and political policies. Through the corruption and misuse of power, the strategically wrong military setup, and the high cost, the Vietnam War was doomed to fail from the beginning. It is inevitable that Johnson received the blame.

Twentieth Century America and Modern Art Research Paper

Twentieth Century America and Modern Art - Research Paper Example The researcher of the essay "Twentieth Century America and Modern Art" aims to investigate twentieth-century African-American modern art. The African American art mainly includes basket weaving, a huge range of arts done on plastic, wood carving, pottery and also painting. The African Americans were taking part in art for some time but they actually got accepted and their art got famous during the middle of the 20th century. In 1950s and 1960s some African American artists hit the cord and become known around the country and were accepted open heartedly. During the same time period a self-claimed group of artists called the Highwaymen which was consisted of around 26 African Americans belonging from Fr. Pierce made paintings of the landscape of Florida and because back then there wasn’t a really common concept of art galleries and that too who would welcome the self-claimed artist group belonging to the community, this group of artist took the other path. They peddled around 2 00,000 and put them in their trucks and went all around selling them directly to the public. Today in the history of American folk and in the History of African American culture they are regarded as and known as one of the most important figures and notable groups who did a lot of amazing work in the field of arts. Their paintings are considered so important in today`s world that the price of their paintings in today`s world is around a thousands of dollars. There was some artist who made their mark in the New York galleries.

Research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 5

Research paper - Essay Example The Willa Cather Literary work is based on telling the truths of a certain period and place. This is the reason why she became an inventor in American fiction. For example, her work vibrates not only with oral language of usual people but also with visual pictures that assist the readers to view the place truly (Robinson, 1983). However, some of her detractors praised her for writing about the common people in a common language. Most themes of her writing in the stories are usually associated with the adventure of moving to another place. In addition, her strong sense of place pervades works is incorporated into the themes of her work. Cather is a modernist writer because of using a unique theme in her writing. She was devoted to her writing and took risks of whatever she did. However, many people did not appreciate the truth in her writing but Cather continued to show the reality of life through her writing. The way she risked in her writing greatly influenced her literature in the world. The rising volume of critical focus to Cather in its own confirms her conspicuous place in American literary history. The growing interest in Cather literary work has revised interest in other artists who were known to Cather or who were significant to her. However, this might seem illogical because Cather privacy has become legendary due to the way she presented herself to the public. Cather usually presented herself through creating her own image shaped by childhood. This gives the reader a sense of personal association with her thus protecting her privacy by sidetracking attention from other parts of her life. Willa Cather was born on 7 December, 1873 in Creek Valley. Her young life left an impression which is memorable and created a foundation for her character stories. Her illustrious work is based on writing essays, short stories, poems and making contribution to journals and

Educational Program Development Portfolio Essay

Educational Program Development Portfolio - Essay Example All of them rely on evidence from previously conducted research as well as theories that have been established from previous research. This portfolio elaborates on an evidence-based approach for a diabetes educational programme, for the education of patients in the Al Qassim area in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This diabetes day program schedule will be used to cover the following diabetes knowledge areas of concern among patients: hypoglycaemia – its symptoms and management, hyperglycaemia – its symptoms and management, healthy lifestyle to promote better management of the disease. The main aim of the portfolio (day program) is to compile diabetes information materials that can be used by patients in a bid to improve on their diabetes knowledge and develop the ability to self-manage. The patient information will focus on the following sessions: Hypoglycaemia: This session will include information related to the following topics: introduction to what hypoglycaemia is and the symptoms and management of hypoglycaemia. The aim of including this information is to help learner patients be in a better position to manage their health issue and offer themselves self management for the achievement of better health care needs. Hyperglycaemia: This session will include information related to the following: what hyperglycaemia is and the symptoms and management of hyperglycaemia. The aim of including this information is to help boost the learner’s knowledge with regard to their health issue. These topics were chosen based on the results of a previously conducted priority-based questionnaire from which it was established that these topics were the most prioritized to be included in the portfolio. The table 1 presents the relevant results of the above-mentioned survey. The objectives of the overall day-program are to supply reasonable knowledge to the learner-patients, on three

Export-Led Growth Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Export-Led Growth Theory - Essay Example However, this is not always the case for most domestic markets since governments may seek to protect blossoming industries to ensure their growth and capacity to exploit their potential comparative advantage (Liebler & Ward 1992, p. 339). Notably, export-led growth is prevalent in a majority of developing country, but the theory does not always guarantee success in the long term. This paper will examine the successfulness of the export-led growth model, taking into consideration a predominantly export-oriented country such as China to demonstrate how export-led orientation is not always effective in ensuring growth. In the adoption of export-led economic systems, governments often have to institute a number of measures such as tariff reduction, establishment of a floating exchange rate, especially through the devaluation of the national currency to enhance exports and government assistance for exportation industries and sectors (Liebler & Ward 1992, p. 338). The purpose of export-led strategy is to discover a niche market in the global economy for a country’s exports. Export-led growth has long been touted as a way of enhancing economic growth and maturity. Nations such as South Korea, Taiwan and China had implemented successful export-led growth strategies. However, global economic recessions such as the one witnessed between 2007 and 2010 have cast doubts on the success of export-led growth because of its emphasis on the specialised, internationally based economy, which is susceptible to global changes in demand trends. According to Yang (2008, p. 3) the term export-led growth refers to the successful growth episodes characterised by growth in a country’s export. Yang (2008, p. 3), however, poises that if export-led growth was the real justification for episodes of high growth in GDP and exports, then countries that adopted the system should have experienced appreciation in real exchange rates. This incident is primarily as a result on influx in foreign exchange as a consequence of the booming exports. However, this is not the case since only about half of the export-led growth episodes are characterised by exchange rate appreciation. In most instances, export-led growth is unsuccessful since it results in the depreciation of countries’ exchange rates; hence the conclusion that the high export growth is not ideally safe growth for a country. In essence, the export-led growth theory is not the overriding force for growth episodes categorized as high export growth since the non-tradable sector also plays a critical role in eliciting high economic, as well as export growth. China continues to experience massive structural imbalance issues as a consequence of adopting an export-led economic strategy in earlier years (Yang 2008, p. 5). Although the country boosts of high rates of economic growth, its imbalance problems continue to wreck havoc to the viability of its economic stance on the long term. The imbalance problem s are deeply rooted in the country’s double transition, and will only ease when the nation completes its final transition in the next two decades, which is quite a long period. Meanwhile, the imbalances caused by the implementation of an export-led economy may result in severe political and social unrest, which may impede China’s growth trajectory. On the other hand, export-led growth is not successful since it subjects a country’s economy to undue exposure to the international world. By definition, an

Formal Learning and Informal Learning Dissertation

Formal Learning and Informal Learning - Dissertation Example Research Design 38 3.2. Research Methodology 39 3.3. Method of Data Collection 40 3.3.1. Selection of Documents 40 3.3.2. Qualitative Research 41 3.4. Data Analysis 43 3.5. Justification of the Choice of Methodology 44 3.6. Role of the Researcher 45 3.7. ETHICAL ISSUES/CONSTRAINTS/VALUES OF THIS RESEARCH 46 3.8. Potential Value of this Research 47 Chapter 4 Findings and Discussions 48 4.0. Introduction 48 4.1. Findings and Discussions 48 4.1.1. Better Appreciation of Informal Learning in the Work Place and Central Role of Employees 49 4.1.2. The More Effective Approach 51 4.1.3. The Learning Approaches 55 4.1.4. Kinds of Information 61 4.1.5. The Factors 63 4.1.6. The Balance 64 Summary 68 Chapter 5 Conclusion, Limitations and Recommendations 69 5.0. Conclusion 70 5.1. Limitations/Possibilities 72 5.2. Recommendations 72 References: 75 Appendix 1 81 Fig. 1 p. 6 Fig. 2 p. 14 Fig. 3 p. 21 Fig. 4 p. 30 Fig. 5 p. 49 Table 1 p. 16 Chart 1 p. 55 Chart 2 p. 56 Chart 3 p. 57 Chart 4 p. 58 Ch art 5 p.59 Chart 6 p. 61 Chart 7 p.62 Chapter 1 Introduction 1.0. Introduction Globalisation opens a new a paradigm in the economic interactions among nations around the globe (Fisher, 2003). Generally, this unique phenomenon enables people across the globe to access services and goods from different countries with ease (Soros, 2002), thus, paving fro exchanges not only for goods and services, but also of ideas, knowledge and identity as greater mobility are experienced by people (Peet, 2003; Suarez-Orozco and Qin-Hilliard, 2004). In addition, globalisation creates tougher competition in the global market economy, challenging organisations to continuously come up with products and services that genuinely respond to the changing needs and demands of the 21st century clients (Suarez-Orozco and Qin-Hilliard, 2004). Responding to the challenge pose by globalisation, firms have come up with strategies and developments that will endow organisations with the opportunity in creating a niche and surviving the stringent global market competition. One of the most noteworthy development in the recent period is the recognition of the central importance of the role of employees in attaining the goals of the company (Armstrong, 2006). The human factor in the organisation is deemed as the human capital essential for the success of the organisation (Beer et al., 1984; Bontis et al., 1999; Caldwell, 2004; de Meneses and Woods, 2008; Ramirez, Guy, and Beale 2007). In effect, the collective knowledge, skills, learning, abilities and experiences that are deployed by the employees in the performance of their functions is crucial for the success of the firm and a primary source of the organisation’s strategic advantage (Armstrong, 2006). As such, in the last few decades, much scholarly work have been undertaken to elucidate the various concepts that are inherent in human capital . One of the subject matters that have been given ample consideration is learning in the workplace . Learning is considered as a spectrum of formal learning, informal learning and non-formal learning (Cook and Smith, 2004). A person may move from one section of the spectrum to another without diminishing the significance and influence of learning and its consequences to the individual. This is possible because learning is a process of awareness, reflection, association and application that involves transforming experience and knowledge into functional learning

Quantitative Methods and Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Quantitative Methods and Analysis - Essay Example Entertainment Survey The survey being analyzed in this section was conducted by Olswang to determine the proportion of people who would chose to pay for entertainment content (New Media Age, 2005). The survey conducted displays results in for m of percentages, and from the results, the following factors can be deduced. According to the survey, 28% percent of American people have no problem downloading and watching content without paying for the content, yet the same proportion would pay to stream long length content on the PCs. The validity of the results of this survey is not conclusive because the number of participants in the survey is not given. The results from this survey can be used to tell a story by determining the feelings of the population towards piracy and related copyright matters. Political Survey The political poll analyzed in this section was authored by Jones (2011), and is a description of the approval ratings for President Obama in his 11th quarter in office. The poll indicates that the popularity for the president is at its lowest point of 41%, down from 46.8% in the previous quarter. The poll also analyzes the differences in President Obama’s ratings since his first quarter in office, which indicates that the ratings were highest in the 1st quarter and have been steadily decreasing. The poll was conducted random telephone interviews to 45,989 adults in all the States in the country and other districts. This validates the results of the poll since the sample size used is big enough to eliminate errors in the survey process. This poll can be used by any company to support a political candidate or support the incumbent in a forthcoming election. General Survey The poll being analyzed in this section is a general survey that analyses the life evaluation reports of various American individuals (Gallup Daily, 2011). This poll asks the respondents to imagine their life in terms of a scale and decide whether they are suffering, thriving, or struggling. The scale used in the survey is called the Cantril ladder, and is a representation of the life of an average individual. The poll used a sample of approximately 1500 individuals, and determined the results of the survey on a quantitative basis. This kind of survey can be sued by a media group or company to promote any kind of product, if the individual are reassured that the use of the product will increase satisfaction or life happiness. Overview An analysis of the three surveys presented above shows the effects of sample sizes on the validity of the results that are presented by a survey. This means that the higher the sample size in a survey, the more reliable the results of the survey. For example, the first survey analyzed, the entertainment survey, did not present the sample size used. Therefore, it can be concluded that the survey is unreliable or can be a misrepresentation. Conversely, the general survey used a sample of 1000 people, therefore, it can be conclud ed that the results are viable, to some extent. However, the most reliable survey is the political survey, since the sample size is large and diversified; therefore, the errors that affect small sample size surveys are eliminated. Application: Copy of Survey The sample survey conducted is an analysis of the reactions of people to the effects of the

Deming Case Study Essay Example for Free

Deming Case Study Essay 1Introduction 1.1Microsoft Background Microsoft Corporation is a multinational computer technology corporation that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of software products for computing devices. Its most profitable products are the Microsoft Windows operating system and the Microsoft Office suite of productivity software. Microsoft was co-founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen in 1975.Microsoft rose to dominate the home computer operating system market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s, followed by the Windows line of operating systems. One of Microsofts original mission was a computer on every desk and in every home, running Microsoft software. The company also markets both computer hardware products such as the Microsoft mouse and the Microsoft Natural keyboard, as well as home entertainment products such as the Xbox, Xbox 360, Zune and MSN TV. 1.2The Aim Of Report The aim of the report is to do an analysis on Microsoft corporation on how the Deming’s 14 point would impact the Company Performance. It will focus on: * Company existing practice  * Qualitative degree of Conformance against the 14 points 2.Quality Chain Reaction 3.The 14 Deming’s Point 1st Point Create Constancy of purpose toward improvement of product and service Plan for quality for the beginning for long-term commitment by continuously provides top quality product or even exceeding it. The organization should always predict and prepare for the any future challenges that are to come. Microsoft is currently applying this practice in their Organization. In the 1980 they come up with MS-DOS the earlier version of their Operating System which evolves to Window 95.Here is where the window-line operating system keeps on evolving until year 2012 with the introduction of Window 8.Every operating system it comes with an improvement. Since the emergence of Apple in the PC industry Microsoft now are having a stiff competition in the area where they used to be dominating since 1980’s. Microsoft needs to maintain this system in order to remain competitive in the PC industry. 2nd Point Adopt the New philosophy. Organization need to implement quality not only to its product but to the whole organization process. Rather than reacting to competitive pressure, an organization should focus on the customer need, what exactly they want. The employee of Microsoft been used to all the benefit working with Microsoft such as high speed internet and tend to forget the outside world doesn’t have the luxury they are experiencing and expect the gadget there are using will have the same impact to the outside world. Problem arises when their product are not well accepted by the public since its unsuitable to them since they are lacking the facility to fully used it, Microsoft need to understand what the people needs first before deciding and producing the product. Produce a product that everyone can use and it needs to be the best product and in good quality. Resource http://www.qbrundage.com/michaelb/pubs/essays/working_at_microsoft.html 3rd point Cease dependence on inspection to achieve quality. Deming emphasize that organization need to stop depending on inspection. It is costly and unreliable in the long-run. It function don’t actually improve quality but to find lack of quality. Therefore organizations need to build quality from the beginning of process till its end. Microsoft need to take this into consideration because during Microsoft Surface tablet launching the device crash during its presentation, thus show the incapability’s of its device. If they had implement Quality in the beginning this would had happen. Microsoft should learn from this experience and not depend on inspection during the production. They should ensure any possible problems are eliminated during the production itself from earlier stage by making the sure top quality products are done from every step of the production. 4th point Move toward a single supplier for any one item on a long-term relationship of loyalty and trust. By having lesser supplier, an organization can focus on the quality of their output. Other than price, quality is another priority when looking for a supplier. Microsoft need to motivate supplier to improve on their quality and when they achieve it look at them as a partner in quality rather than a business connection. Software and application developer need to provide the very best service so that Microsoft can depend on them to even produce a good product themselves. 5th Point Improve constantly and forever the system of production and service, to improve quality and productivity and this will lead to decrease in cost. An organization need to continuously improve their system and process. Deming encourage the use of Plan-Do-Check-Act approach to do analysis and find ways of improvement. The Organization should emphasize on training and education so everyone can perform better in their jobs to reduce waste, improve productivity, effectiveness and safety. Currently employee in the RD department is given the freedom to be creative and innovative in creating Product as long is benefiting the organization. In 2010 spend $9.5 billion for research and development. Microsoft wanted to its employee to be able to find new ways to improve their current product and service. This can be done  through training, providing seminar and outsourcing it employee to perform better. 6th point Institute training on the job By providing a consistence training toward the people an organization will be able to reduce variation. By providing training on the job they will be able to build a foundation of common knowledge. This allows the worker to understand their roles. Encourage staff to learn from each other. In some department of Microsoft some employee are lacking the motivation to improve themselves, these employee lack interest to outperform. Microsoft needs to institute training for them in order to improve their capabilities by encouraging them to attend seminar and courses. This would better prepare the Microsoft for any difficulties since these employees will be able to solve the problem with having to consult the top management. This will also improve the quality of their work since they have the knowledge and the expertise to do so. 7th point Institute leadership-Done The aim of leadership is to make supervisor and managers to understand their staff or worker and the process they are using. The leader should not only supervise but also give guidance rather than punishment. A leader should know what needed to make the individual work at their best. Microsoft actually had a touch-screen e-reader developed in 1998, but Bill Gates ignored it because he didn’t like the user interface and didn’t represent Microsoft. The team that developed the reader was told to stop coming up with new ideas and instead work on software for Microsoft Office which is their comfort zone. Only now after touch screen getting so much coverage they start giving it attention. The top management should be encourage those staff who came up with innovation to pursue their invention. If they were to pursue the idea in the beginning, they would be still dominating the gadget industry. 8th point Drive out fear, so that everyone may work effectively for the company By eliminating fear its throw away people worry and concern of making mistake thus making them able to perform at their best. The organization needs to let its people them know the management will not place blame if mistakes occur. Ensure those who are supervising the worker are approachable. Encourage open communication between manager and employee to make them feel comfortable in expressing their problem. An article mentions Bosses at Microsoft screams at employees and blaming them for everything, whether it was their fault or not. This creates fear to employee to be cautious when they are working and even driving them to move out of the company. This will have an impact of the quality productivity. Microsoft needs to establish a friendly relation with its employee to ensure their commitment and motivation to perform at the highest level. High morale employee will produce good productivity and service. Resource http://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-is-filled-with-abusive-managers-and-overworked-employees-says-tell-all-book-2012-5?op=1#ixzz25ZMiHdwh 9th point Break down the barrier between departments Each department need to recognize each other department function so they can understand which department depend on which. Rather than Departments trying to compromise, they should focus on collaboration and build a shared vision to achieve this. This would improve teamwork and reduce adversarial relationships. For this point it’s trying to say that there were cases in Microsoft that there are boss of each department at times will be only thinking of their department. Only to maximize the performance of their own department without consulting with other department of how they are progressing. It would impact the outcome of the product. Microsoft need to ensure each department will be able to collaborate with each other to achieve their goal to attain top quality outcome. 10th point Eliminate slogan and target for the work force -Done The management need to let its subordinate what they want and not making them  to guess. An unclear slogan such as â€Å"Excellence in service† confused people which area or what kind of excellence are the organization are pointing at. It would be much clearer if it states â€Å"You Can Do Better If You Try†. An earlier mission statement of Microsoft is A computer on every desk and in every home. This doesn’t really tell a clear intention of Microsoft. Soon after a few year the Mission statement changes to a computer on every desk and in every home, running Microsoft software .This clearly indicates the intention of Microsoft of providing Microsoft application and software to every computer. This would motivate its worker to work on Microsoft software. Microsoft should now make a clearer message rather than specific Slogan to ensure all it employees understood where the Organization goal and what they wanted to achieve. 11th point Eliminate management by Objective The management needs to see how the process is being carried out, not just on achieving its numerical target. Normally an organization production target produces high output but low on quality. Provide them with support and resource so that high qualities of production are achievable. Microsoft has tried this before with the Zune, which was an attempt to compete with iPod. Microsoft Corporation launches the Zune Mp3 player when Apple iPod was in its Prime. This attempt result in failure as Apple product are way better compare to their. Here Microsoft needs to know it not necessary to try to compete with other but focus on the quality which will meet with the consumer preference than they would have a higher chance of success rather than trying to rival its competitors. Resource http://betanews.com/2011/03/14/ipod-didn-t-kill-zune-microsoft-did/ 12th point Remove barrier to pride of workmanship These points concentrate of the people whose doing the work. It means to allow everyone to be proud of their achievement without being compared from one another. Treat all workers with the same treatment to eliminate competition amongst worker for any rewards. â€Å"If you were on a team of 10 people, you walked in the first day knowing that, no matter how good  everyone was, 2 people were going to get a great review, 7 were going to get mediocre reviews, and 1 was going to get a terrible review,† says a former software developer. â€Å"It leads to employees focusing on competing with each other rather than competing with other companies.† This is taken from a former employee of Microsoft, their clearly indicates there are favoritism in Microsoft Top management. This encourages rivalry amongst its own staff. Remove this, and then employee will then be able to focus on their job and produce quality product and service. 13th Point Implement education and Self-Improvement With this point, the management should focus on improving the current skill of its employee. By encouraging them to learn new skill and knowledge it will better prepare them for future challenges and changes In Microsoft Corporation they are lacking the motivation to be more innovative nowadays. They are more concern to preserves their existing product such as extending their office application, Window Operating system and increasing server software window server. Microsoft is not too fond of taking risk into making new product and service. It took them years to come up with Microsoft surface tablet when other developer such as Samsung and Apple’s been doing it for a few years already. They need to implement the 13th point so that its employee will be able to improve their ability and knowledge so that the organization can cope with changes in the future. 14th point Make Transformation everyone’s Job Everyone in the organization have to make changes, the organization will improve overall by having each person in the organization is motivated to produce better quality. To achieve this management will need to make changes in the management principle by applying the Deming’s 14 point into their system. Microsoft needs to analyze each small step and understand how these steps contribute to better quality. Everyone from the lower ranking worker to the top ranking should be able to contribute to their fullest. 4.Conclusion To conclude all Microsoft corporation need to implement the 14 Deming point to ensure its survival in its industry which it previously dominate. For the research done on Microsoft corporation , there are some major area that they need to gives attention too and Deming 14 point will be able to provide a solution if it is to be applied in the proper way. The success of this method will depend on the top management to its lower ranking worker of how well they can adopt to Deming philosophy. 5.Reference Book Mary. Walton (1986) ,The Demings Management Method Dennis F. Kehoe (1997) The Fundamentals Of Quality Management 2nd Edition Website †¢ Hci.com.au (1960) Demings 14 points. [online] Available at: http://www.hci.com.au/hcisite2/articles/deming.htm. [Accessed: 29 August 2012]. †¢ Deming 14 points Philosophy. Available at http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newSTR_75.htm. [ Accessed: 27th August 2012]. †¢ Deming’s approach is summed up in his famous 14 points. Available at http://www.1000advices.com/guru/quality_tqm_14points_deming.html. [Accessed: 30th August 2012]. †¢Information of Microsoft available at: http://www.winsupersite.com/article/windows-server/microsoft-just-like-ibm http://www.about-microsoft.com/ [Accessed:25 August 2012] †¢Information for Microsoft Surface available at: http://psynixis.com/blog/2012/06/surface-the-problem-with-the-microsoft-tablet-vision †¢Information on former employee complain http://betanews.com/2010/02/09/why-former-employees-say-microsoft-can-t-innovate/ [Accessed:25 August 2012] http://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-is-filled-with-abusive-managers-and-overworked-employees-says-tell-all-book-2012-5?op=1 [ Accessed:25 August

How sympathetic a character Essay Example for Free

How sympathetic a character Essay Upon reading Aristophanes Wasps for the first time, Procleon, the antihero of the play, evokes a strange sort of sympathy. The part of us that wants to rebel against the system identifies with his character, and admires the way in which, in the second half of the play, he does what the man in the street would really like to do (K Dover) and generally places himself above authority. Aristophanes loads Procleons character with vulgarity and nastiness, but does it in such a way that an audience seeing the play for the first time will focus on sympathizing with him as the `heroic character more than his deep-seated and twisted darker side. For instance, in the first scene we see Procleon trapped inside his own home, treated not like a villain or monster, but a mentally ill obsessive, or trialophile. The more you warn him, the more he goes to court. Thats why weve had to bolt him in and guard the house for fear he gets out. The way the two slaves describe Procleons personality is quite comic. They describe him as a sad old man. He then tries to escape later on by holding on to the bottom of a donkey as it comes out of the house, in a parody of Odysseus in Homers Odyssey. On one hand, we find his wit amusing, and he tries to mirror the cunning of Odysseus, and on the other hand we laughingly pity him for trying such an idea, especially onstage as it looks absurd. Aristophanes is poking fun at the latest trend in Athenian society in the ridiculous person of Procleon. However, Athenian litigiousness and trial mania are not his only target. In his conversion from his former jurymans life, Procleon becomes a caricature of an upper-class snob engaging in one of the well-heeled sets favourite addictions: dressing up in your finery, attending drinking parties and meetings of secret societies and going on drunken rampages through the streets, beating up passers by, knocking over statues, mauling slaves and women, etc. By the end of the play, its hard to tell whether Procleon is ny better off for having traded a poor mans pastime for a rich mans. In the first half of the play, we  see Procleon as a bloodthirsty bastard, a sadistic slave to Cleon whose only friends are the similarly savage, vespine jurymen. Just seeing this feeble army of nasty old men, we find immediate comedy. On the surface, nothing about Procleon seems too bad, just a rather crazed old man with a strange obsession. He enjoys voting defendants down: he is comically sadistic. D. MacDowell However, when we look deeper into the play and Procleons character, we see that there is a far darker and more sinister side to him. First of all, there is the fact that the only reason he enjoys sitting on the jury so much is so that he can wreak pain and suffering upon innocent people. I long to come to court with you, some solid, lasting harm to do. There is also the way in which he treats his daughter, in a rather incestuous manner. she leans over to give me a kiss and fish out those three obols with her tongue! spends his days in the infliction of pain on others and his evenings in running his hand up his daughters skirt. K Dover.